Salvaging/Repair/Disposal of faulty lipo batteries

 

I have been using two of these batteries in my ebike for over 6 years and recently a single cell was getting hot when charging, also it would not charge above 3.97v whereas the other cells would charge to the optimal 4.2v. I sense a problem here. I decided to inspect the pack.

Here we begin outside the house for safety reasons, and we strip off the outer packaging to reveal the individual cells.

Once we have the packaging removed we can see that all the cells are not stuck together and just fanning out. This should make removing of any faulty cells easy. The battery is officially a 6s lithium polymer battery, however when we remove the packaging we reveal 12 cells which are wired as pairs to make a 6s battery. each cell is therefore 8000mah 1s 4.2v, two of these cells in parallel make 1s 4.2v 16000mah. as a 6s battery it gives us 25.2v (6x4.2v) at 16ah.

 A typical individual lipo cell albeit in a large capacity.

After inspecting the faulty battery pack I observe that a single cell has a puncture which has somehow sealed itself with leaked lithium. I should consider this a lucky thing as it has decided not to inflate or explode and I was able to remove and isolate the faulty cell from the rest of the pack thus reducing overall potential failure risk. I placed the faulty cell into a lipo safe outdoor container and discharged the cell to zero volts making it inert and safe.

 This leaves me with a 5s 16ah lipo battery. Which as yet I am unsure what to use it for. Maybe I will split the cells and make two 5s 8000mah lipo packs, or one 6s 8000mah and one 4s battery.

The battery is safe now that the faulty cell is removed, and I wrapped the pack in kapton tape for added protection.

 Some tips:
-Always regularly inspect your lithium batteries for visible damage.
-If there is visible damage remove the battery from indoors and place outside far away from anything which could burn.
-If the cell pack is hot on one side and the lithium charger shows a single cell refusing to charge to 100% then take this as a solid indicator of battery damage.
-If you have confidence in your abilities remove the damaged individual cell as soon as possible to isolate it from the other lithium cells.
-Dispose of the damaged lithium cell by discharging it safely using a battery discharger to make it inert.

I am yet to experience a lithium battery fire and I have over ten years of experience using lithium batteries. However consider this that the older and more used the lithium battery is the more the chance of cell damage, poor condition, poor internal resistance, and therfore higher chance of problems. We are approaching a time where hobbyists are in posession of more and more older batteries which need to be carefully disposed of and there are not the facilities out there to assist with disposal which leaves the responsibility on us the user to find a safe and suitable plan for safe discharging and disposal so perhaps it is time to start your own journey into safe lithium battery disposal now and consider refreshing your old batteries with new.

Thanks for reading.

High-power Lipo Discharger

 

I decided to build a Lipo discharger this week. Most off the shelf products were expensive and underwhelming for my needs. I am attempting to discharge a 6s 16ah 24v Lithium Polymer battery which has recently had cell issues after 6 years of regular use. Instead of throwing it away carelessly I wanted to empty the battery of all power therefore making it inert.

 

I have seen some homemade battery dischargers on the internet which use 50w 12v car light bulbs in an array to increase the amps pulled from the battery thus emptying it more quickly. It should light up your space like a lighthouse. These bulbs can be bought for approximately £4 each.

Other options I have considered are Industrial Resistors which are often used in home wind generator setups to help dump the load when the wind is too high and the power generated too great. The power has to go elsewhere so a large capacity resistor can do. Typically a 24v 300w resistor costs around £25.

Another interesting option I thought about was my final idea. I found via the internet that there are super cheap 12v/24v immersion heaters for car vehicle 12v sockets. They are used to heat a cup of water in your vehicle so you can have hot tea or coffee. After a few rudimentary tests I found the immersion heater to draw 220 watts of power without melting the cable or plastic. I found them for sale at £4 each. 

 

So I decided to buy 4 of these DC water heaters:

4 x 220 watts = 880watts of discharge power

 

The commercial 200 watt lipo discharger is around £70, so we can discharge 4 times higher than this.

I wired the heaters up so that i could have two or four connected to allow variable discharge rates.

I also included an emergency stop button in the event I need to stop the discharging cycle for some reason.

When it is time to discharge the lipo I place the immersion heaters into a glass bowl of water and let them heat the water, it is a plus if boiling point for tea is achieved.

Thanks for reading.

Diy Gatr Ball Antenna for QO100

I wanted to see if i could make a working version of the Gatr ball antenna typically used for geostationary satellites, it is often seen at military sales shows and at fancy trade shows, i heard these types of antenna sell for $150,000? Well I thought surely i could do it myself.

I have been making fabric parabolic antennas for a number of years now. 

They work really well, I am regularly receiving HRPT and QO100 satellites via software defined radio using this method. Have a look at my ebay listings if you are interested in one. its super lightweight and portable allowing me to receive HRPT satellites one-handed using only a mobile phone.

Anyway I figured why limit myself to this parabola type of antenna, why not try new possibilities. So I have always been interested in the cool looking Gatr ball antenna but because it is difficult to see inside and understand how it works how would it be possible to know what is inside making it all tick. 

It was after seeing this image showing the dish that I thought I should give it a chance and see if the fabric for my folding parabolic antenna will work in this scenario.

So i bought myself a nice big beachball, hacked it open and stuck a fabric reflector inside. here was the resulting prototype number 1:
 

Here you can clearly see a fabric reflector inside and a LNB receiver on the exterior. I used this to test receive QO100 voice signals. To stretch out the reflector i used a number of elastic anchor supports i made and glued inside. Once I had it all fixed in there I closed it up and sealed it so I could inflate the ball.

So onwards I go to a bigger larger version:

This one worked much better. the ball radius was significantly larger than my first one and this improved the receiving signal to a level i could confidently listen to QO100 voice.

 Here we can see an example of QO100 reception using the XL ball antenna i built. It works excellently for a beachball ;) I attached tethering lines and weights to secure my antenna in place as the satellite is stationary and not orbiting so i do not have to worry about tracking it.

Transmitting is also possible. I 3D printed a combined tx/rx helical feed/LNB and using Adalm pluto SDR with a power amplifier i was able to transmit test signal. 

Overall I am happy with my setup. I achieved my goal of receiving a satellite with a homemade Gatr antenna, and I feel that this was a sucessful experiment. 

 

Further experiments are also possible using the fabric antenna method such as nasa's rovers using UHF collapsible fabric antenna which uses a quadrifiliar helical format. Here on earth we could make LRPT fabric folding helical just like QFH antenna.

If you would like me to make you one please get in touch via my ebay page in the links above.

Thanks for reading.

Updates on Portable Satnogs

 

 Here is an update on my portable satnogs rotator rig. 

I control using Bluetooth, and Stream data over Spyserver.

All runs on 12v either batter or PSU. 

Antenna is collapsible, tripod is colllapsible, rotator can be removed. 

Youloop + Preamplifier = HFmazing

 It was that time of year just now, Black Friday - Cyber Monday. I found a great deal on a Youloop antenna which included a little blue preamp box. 

My HF 0.5-30Mhz experience has exclusively included an RTL-SDR dongle and an Airspy Mini with Spyverter upconverter. I used a random longwire with balun stuffed in my attic and thought I was getting ok reception. However I can now confirm that it sucked horribly and my new youloop with preamp antenna is quite simply amazing. My HF experience is what I consider to be incredible. I would never think it possible to receive so many signals so clearly and noise free using an indoor antenna, but here I am raving about it. I feel like I have been given a new gift, a feeling of joy excitement and love for radio.

I am not or have ever been paid to endorse things so I hope you can understand when I write so highly of a piece of equipment. Using the Youloop and preamp with airspy mini + spyverter is just mindblowing. Go get one and watch your SDR waterfall light up and come alive. 

With the Airspy mini + spyverter & Longwire unun it is: Meh....
With the Airspy mini + spyverter & Youloop it is: Uhhhh this is interesting....
With the Airspy mini + spyverter & Youloop + Preamp it is:Hollllly Sheeeeeeeeeeeee!!!!!

I can't really say much more, i'm getting 80m Ham crystal clear, Volmet, DX, SSTV, So so much.

Buy it and relight your love for radio.

Updates on portable parabola antenna

 Just a quick update on my portable parabola design. From the first version I wanted to add a few features such as
-having the coax go through the centre tube and have a connector at rear.
-using a solid tube for the whole centre pole to increase rigidity over the first version
-designing various feed horns, at the moment i have feeds for 1.7ghz(hrpt), 1.5ghz(inmarsat) and 10ghz(Xband).

For a 1 Metre parabola the weight is around 350g and the pack away size is very satisfying.

redesign images are below. I find the more I make redesigns the more time consuming manufacturing becomes, I might sell as a kit thus putting the build time upon the buyer.

X-Band LNB for receiving QO-100 sat

 

X-Band LNB mount

iteration using 3D printing design

magnetic holder for phone

coax connector at base

Thanks for reading.

Parabola design

 For a while now I have been designing parabolic reflectors for Space satellite research purposes.

One of my favorite parabolic antenna of all time is the erectable S-Band antenna used by the Apollo 12 space mission.

A super lightweight highly engineered device.

It's purpose as in the description was to be a compact erectable antenna which would open out into both a receiving and transmitting antenna to send and reeive S-band frequencies directly from the Moon surface to the Earth.

So I have been looking into it to reproduce.

Here's my working functional prototype. it is 1m diameter and the feed is desgned for 1.7ghz reception of weather satellite data.

Slide arm design.

at it's full erection.

Here we see the opening and closing in action.

Anyway, i'm forever continuing the iterations and it's functioning better than i expected. I hope I did NASA proud :)
Oh and i'm now a fully qualified certified Devops and Cloud computing specialist. Go me!

Thanks for reading.